In order not to multiply my notes unnecessarily, the references for the quotations from Marcus Aurelius and the Discourses of Epictetus have been indicated in parentheses within the text. In both cases, the first number refers to the number of the book, the second to the chapter number, and the third to the paragraph number within the chapter. Unless I indicate otherwise, the references given in Chapters 4 and 5 always refer to the text of the Discourses of Epictetus.